The following example represents the word émotion. If there is a following character that is not in the range A–F, a–f or 0–9, that is all you need. Escapes start with a backslash followed by the hexadecimal number that represents the character's hexadecimal Unicode code point value. See the test pages.) CSS escapesĬSS represents escaped characters in a different way. (In fact, browsers tend to silently correct that particular error. This HTML should actually produce a control character, since the escape would be expanded as the character at position 80 in the Unicode repertoire. It is a common error for people working on content in that encoding to represent the euro sign using €. One point worth special note is that values of numeric character references (such as € or € for the euro sign €) are interpreted as Unicode characters – no matter what encoding you use for your document.įor example, the code point number of the euro sign in Windows code page 1252 is 80. Using the semicolon also avoids the potential problem of the end of the escape becoming undetectable when the escape is embedded in text. Some browsers allow you to omit the semicolon at the end of a numeric character reference, but this is not recommended, since it may lead to interoperability problems. In French it is commonly used with punctuation such as colons and exclamation marks, which are preceded by a space but should not appear at the beginning of a line during text wrap.) (The NO-BREAK SPACE character looks like a space but prevents a line wrap between the characters on either side. For example, the following are different ways of representing the character U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE. Numeric character references (NCRs) and named character references are types of character escape used in markup. We have chosen to use names for this article that are used for HTML5. For example, named character references may be referred to as character entity references. You can use a character escape to represent any Unicode character in HTML, XHTML or XML using only ASCII characters.ĭifferent specifications give different names to these constructs. You may however find them useful to represent invisible or ambiguous characters, or characters that would otherwise interact in undesirable ways with the surrounding source code or text.įor more details, see below. If using escapes in CSS identifiers, see the additional rules below.īecause you should use UTF-8 for the character encoding of the page, you won't normally need to use character escapes. Must be 6 digits long, no space needed (but can be included)Ī trailing space is treated as part of the escape, so use 2 spaces if you actually want to follow the escaped character with a space. Must be followed by a space if the next character is one of a-f, A-F, 0-9 ![]() In CSS syntax you would use one of the following. In HTML you can escape the euro sign € in the following ways. This article addresses the question: How can I use character escapes in markup and CSS, and when should I use or not use them? Quick answer They are useful if you are unable to type in the actual character, or sometimes if you want to clearly show invisible characters. Character escapes are a way of writing a character in markup using only ASCII code points.
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